Science:
Commencement
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Standard 4:
Students will understand and apply scientific concepts, principles, and theories pertaining to the physical setting and living environment and recognize the historical development of ideas in science.
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Key Idea
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Energy and matter interact through forces that result in changes in motion.
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PI |
Students explain and predict different patterns of motion of objects (e.g., linear and angular motion, velocity and acceleration, momentum and inertia).
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PI |
Students explain chemical bonding in terms of the motion of electrons.
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PI |
Students compare energy relationships within an atom's nucleus to those outside the nucleus.
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Key Idea
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Energy exists in many forms, and when these forms change energy is conserved.
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PI |
Students explain the uses and hazards of radioactivity.
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PI |
Students explain heat in terms of kinetic molecular theory.
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PI |
Students observe and describe transmission of various forms of energy.
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PI |
Students explain variations in wavelength and frequency in terms of the source of the vibrations that produce them, e.g., molecules, electrons, and nuclear particles.
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Key Idea
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Many of the phenomena that we observe on Earth involve interactions among components of air, water, and land.
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PI |
Students use the concepts of density and heat energy to explain observations of weather patterns, seasonal changes, and the movements of the Earth's plates.
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PI |
Students explain how incoming solar radiations, ocean currents, and land masses affect weather and climate.
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Key Idea
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Matter is made up of particles whose properties determine the observable characteristics of matter and its reactivity.
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PI |
Students use atomic and molecular models to explain common chemical reactions.
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PI |
Students apply the principle of conservation of mass to chemical reactions.
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PI |
Students use kinetic molecular theory to explain rates of reactions and the relationships among temperature, pressure, and volume of a substance.
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PI |
Students explain the properties of materials in terms of the arrangement and properties of the atoms that compose them.
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Key Idea
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The Earth and celestial phenomena can be described by principles of relative motion and perspective.
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PI |
Students explain complex phenomena, such as tides, variations in day length, solar insolation, apparent motion of the planets, and annual traverse of the constellations.
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PI |
Students describe current theories about the origin of the universe and solar system.
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Key Idea
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Human decisions and activities have had a profound impact on the physical and living environment.
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PI |
Students explain how individual choices and societal actions can contribute to improving the environment.
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PI |
Students describe the range of interrelationships of humans with the living and nonliving environment.
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PI |
Students explain the impact of technological development and growth in the human population on the living and nonliving environment.
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Key Idea
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Individual organisms and species change over time.
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PI |
Students explain the mechanisms and patterns of evolution.
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Key Idea
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Living things are both similar to and different from each other and nonliving things.
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PI |
Students explain how a one-celled organism is able to function despite lacking the levels of organization present in more complex organisms.
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PI |
Students describe and explain the structures and functions of the human body at different organizational levels (e.g., systems, tissues, cells, organelles).
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PI |
Students explain how diversity of populations within ecosystems relates to the stability of ecosystems.
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Key Idea
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Organisms inherit genetic information in a variety of ways that result in continuity of structure and function between parents and offspring.
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PI |
Students explain how the structure and replication of genetic material result in offspring that resemble their parents.
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PI |
Students explain how the technology of genetic engineering allows humans to alter the genetic makeup of organisms.
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Key Idea
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Organisms maintain a dynamic equilibrium that sustains life.
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PI |
Students explain disease as a failure of homeostasis.
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PI |
Students relate processes at the system level to the cellular level in order to explain dynamic equilibrium in multicelled organisms.
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PI |
Students explain the basic biochemical processes in living organisms and their importance in maintaining dynamic equilibrium.
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Key Idea
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Plants and animals depend on each other and their physical environment.
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PI |
Students explain factors that limit growth of individuals and populations.
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PI |
Students explain the importance of preserving diversity of species and habitats.
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PI |
Students explain how the living and nonliving environments change over time and respond to disturbances.
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Key Idea
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The continuity of life is sustained through reproduction and development.
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PI |
Students explain how organisms, including humans, reproduce their own kind.
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